Ukuba ufumana izinto zentsimbi ezichanekileyo zoomatshini, oomatshini bokwakha, okanye izixhobo zemizi-mveliso, mhlawumbi ubone "i-IATF16949 eqinisekisiweyo" kwiiprofayile zomthengisi. Kodwa eneneni ithetha ukuthini ekusebenzeni? Ngaba iqinisekisa umgangatho? Ifuna ukuba ababoneleli benze ntoni ngokwahlukileyo kwivenkile esisiseko ye-ISO 9001? Kwaye kufuneka uyisebenzise njani njengomthengi xa uvavanya abavelisi baseTshayina?
Eli nqaku liphendula loo mibuzo ngokwembono yomzi-mveliso obambe isatifikethi iminyaka kwaye uhlala nayo yonke imihla.
Yintoni i-IATF16949?
I-IATF16949 (i-International Automotive Task Force 16949) ngumgangatho wehlabathi wolawulo lwenkqubo yomgangatho wekhonkco lokubonelela ngeemoto. Yaphuhliswa ngokudibeneyo yi-OEMs yeemoto ezinkulu - kuquka i-Ford, i-GM, i-Stellantis, i-BMW, i-Volkswagen, kunye nabanye - nge-International Automotive Task Force, kwaye ihambelana ne-ISO 9001 njengesiseko sayo.
Inguqulo yangoku yi -IATF 16949: 2016 , eyathatha indawo yangaphambili ye-ISO / TS 16949: umgangatho we-2009.
Ububanzi: Umgangatho usebenza kwiindawo zokuvelisa ezivelisa iinxalenye zeemoto kunye neendibano - kubandakanywa ukuphosa, ukubunjwa, izinto ezixutywe ngomatshini, iindawo ezinesitampu, iindibano ezidibeneyo, kunye neeplastiki ezibunjiweyo - ezinikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwii-OEM zemoto.
Inyani ephambili: IATF16949 ayinakubanjwa yinkampani yodwa. Kufuneka isetyenziswe kwindawo ethile yokuvelisa kwaye ifuna uphicotho lomntu wesithathu ngumbutho oqinisekisiweyo wezatifikethi (CB) obhaliswe kwi-IATF. Akukho "ziqinisekiso zokuzimela."
IATF16949 vs. ISO 9001: Yintoni Umahluko?
Abavelisi abaninzi abachanekileyo eTshayina babambe i-ISO 9001 - umgangatho wenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho jikelele. I-ISO 9001 sisiseko esiluqilima, kodwa i-IATF16949 iqhubela phambili ngakumbi kwiimfuno ezibaluleke kakhulu kumanqanaba omgangatho weemoto.
| Indawo efunekayo | ISO 9001:2015 | IATF16949:2016 |
|---|
| Ulawulo lomngcipheko (FMEA) | Ukucinga okusekwe kumngcipheko ngokubanzi | I-DFMEA / PFMEA inyanzelekile ngendlela ethile |
| UCwangciso loMgangatho weMveliso ePhezulu (APQP) | Ayifuneki | Inkqubo yokuqaliswa kwemveliso emiselweyo |
| Inkqubo yokuVunywa kweCandelo leMveliso (PPAP) | Ayifuneki | Kufuneka kumalungu amatsha kunye notshintsho - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18 yokungeniswa kwezinto |
| Izicwangciso zokulawula | Ayifunwa ngokuthe ngqo | Isinyanzelo kwiprototype, ngaphambi kokuqaliswa, kunye nezigaba zemveliso |
| Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yokulinganisa (MSA) | Ayifuneki | Isinyanzelo - Izifundo ze-Gauge R&R ziyafuneka |
| Ulawulo lwenkqubo yobalo (SPC) | Ayifuneki | Kuyafuneka kwiimpawu eziphambili |
| Ukuphucula rhoqo | Imfuneko ngokubanzi | Izixhobo ezithile ezigunyazisiweyo (8D, Shainin, Six Sigma, njl.) |
| Iimfuno ezithe ngqo kuMthengi | Ayiqwalaselwa | Kufuneka ichongwe, iqwalaselwe kwaye iphunyezwe |
| Ukulandeleka | Imfuneko ngokubanzi | Imathiriyeli epheleleyo kunye nenkqubo yokulandeleka kwinani lobushushu bezinto ezikrwada |
| Isiqinisekiso somqhubi | Ayifuneki | Kufuneka kwiinkqubo ezichaphazela umgangatho wemveliso |
| Uphicotho-ziqinisekiso lonyaka | Rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-3 | Ukubek' iliso lonyaka + ukuqinisekiswa kwakhona kweminyaka emi-3 |
Intsingiselo esebenzayo: umzi-mveliso we-IATF16949 uneenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezibhaliweyo, neziphicothiweyo ezihamba ngaphaya kolawulo lwamaxwebhu. Zichaphazela indlela inxalenye yakho eyilwe ngayo, iprototype, isungulwe, ilawulwa kwimveliso, ilinganiswe, kwaye iphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo.
Ithetha ukuthini i-IATF16949 kwiFactory yokuCasa kunye neForging
Kwindawo yotyalo-mali echanekileyo okanye indawo yokubumba, isatifikethi se-IATF16949 sifuna - phakathi kwezinye izinto:
1. Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo kumthombo Yonke inyathelo lenkqubo - i-wax injection, i-shell shell, i-casting heat, i-post-cast-heat treatment, i-CNC machining systems, i-surface treatment - kufuneka ibe neSicwangciso soLawulo esibhaliweyo kunye neendlela ezichaziweyo zokubeka iliso, imida yokulawula, kunye nezicwangciso zokusabela kwiimeko ezingaphandle kokulawula.
2. Ukulandeleka kwezinto eziphathekayo Yonke ibhetshi yealloyi mayilandelelwe kwisatifikethi sayo sokusila (isatifikethi sobushushu). Inani lobushushu lihamba nemathiriyeli ngomzi-mveliso, lidibanisa yonke inxalenye egqityiweyo kwikhemistri yemathiriyeli yokuqala kunye nedatha yovavanyo loomatshini.
3. Amaxwebhu e-PPAP amacandelo amatsha Xa inxalenye entsha yamkelwe ukuveliswa, i-factory-grade-grade factory ilungiselela i-Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) iphakheji. Oku kubandakanya:
- Iirekhodi zoyilo (imizobo, iinkcukacha)
- Amaxwebhu otshintsho lobunjineli
- I-PFMEA (iNdlela yokuSilela kwiNkqubo kunye noHlahlelo lweZiphumo)
- Isicwangciso soLawulo
- Uhlalutyo lweNkqubo yokulinganisa (iGauge R&R)
- Iziphumo zoMda (Ingxelo yoHlolo lweNqaku lokuQala)
- Iziphumo zovavanyo lweMathiriyeli (ikhemikhali, iimpawu zomatshini)
- Izifundo zobuchule benkqubo (Cpk ≥ 1.67 kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo)
- Amalungu esampuli
Olu xwebhu lulindelwe ngababoneleli beemoto beSigaba soku-1 kunye neSigaba sesi-2 ngaphambi kokuba bavume ukuphosa okanye umthombo omtsha.
4. Impendulo yesiphene - inkqubo ye-8D Xa isikhalazo somthengi okanye inxalenye engahambelaniyo ixelwe, i-IATF16949 ifektri iyadingeka ukuba iphendule nge-8-Disciplines (8D) eyakhiweyo yokuxazulula ingxaki - ukuchonga unobangela wengcambu, izenzo zokuthintela, izenzo zokulungisa, kunye nezenzo zokuthintela ezinobungqina obuqinisekisiweyo.
5. Uphicotho lonyaka lweqela lesithathu Ngokungafaniyo ne-ISO 9001, evumela umjikelo wesiqinisekiso seminyaka emi-3 nophicotho-zincwadi lokucupha, i-IATF16949 ifuna uphicotho-zincwadi rhoqo ngonyaka . Iqumrhu lezatifiketi livavanya umzi-mveliso ngokuchasene nomgangatho opheleleyo - kwaye nakuphi na ukungathotyelwa okukhulu kunokuqalisa ukunqunyanyiswa kwesiqinisekiso.
Ungasiqinisekisa njani isiqinisekiso se-IATF16949
Ngelishwa, ubuqhetseba besatifikethi bukhona. Nantsi indlela yokuqinisekisa ubunyani:
Inyathelo loku-1 — Jonga uvimba weenkcukacha we-IATF weGlobal Oversight (IATF GO) I-IATF igcina uvimba weenkcukacha wazo zonke izatifikethi ezisebenzayo ze-IATF16949 apha: www.iatfglobaloversight.org Khangela ngegama lenkampani, indawo yendawo, okanye inombolo yesatifikethi. Isatifikethi esisebenzayo siya kubonisa idilesi yesayithi eqinisekisiweyo, umda wesiqinisekiso, inombolo yesatifikethi, kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa.
Inyathelo lesi-2 — Khangela ukuba umda uyawagquma na amalungu akho . Isatifikethi "sokwenza izinto zeplastiki" asibandakanyi utyalo-mali. Umda kufuneka ugqume ngokucacileyo ukuphosa, ukwenza, okanye ukwenziwa kwemishini njengoko kusebenza kumalungu akho.
Inyathelo lesi-3 — Cela ikopi yesatifikethi Isatifikethi esisemthethweni siya kubonisa:
- Elona gama lisemthethweni kunye nedilesi yendawo yokuvelisa
- Igama lomzimba wesiqinisekiso (kufuneka libe yi-CB eyaziwa ngokuba yi-IATF)
- Inombolo yesatifikethi
- Imihla yokuqinisekisa
- Ilogo ye-IATF kunye nophawu lokuvunywa kwe-CB
Inyathelo lesi-4 — Cela inkcazo yesakhono sePPAP Buza umthengisi: "Ngaba ungabonelela ngePPAP ngeNqanaba lesi-3 lokungeniswa kwenxalenye entsha?" Ivenkile yokwenyani ye-IATF16949 iya kukwazi kakuhle ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oku kwaye ikwazi ukuchaza inkqubo yabo.
Yintoni i-IATF16949 ENGAKUQINISEKISIYO
Ukunyaniseka ngale miba. Uqinisekiso lwe-IATF16949 lumgangatho wenkqubo , ayisosiqinisekiso somgangatho wemveliso. Ithatha ukuba:
- Umzi-mveliso uneenkqubo ezibhaliweyo neziphicothiweyo.
- Ezo nkqubo zilawulwa ngokucwangcisiweyo.
- Umzi-mveliso unakho ukuvelisa amaxwebhu odidi lwemoto.
Ayithethi ukuba:
- Yonke inxalenye ethunyelweyo iya kufezeka.
- Umzi-mveliso awunakubaleka umgangatho nanini na.
- Inxalenye ethile oyithengayo iqinisekisiwe.
Yiyo loo nto amaqela anamava afumana isiqinisekiso asebenzisa isatifikethi se-IATF16949 njengesiseko sokufaneleka - ubuncinci bomda - endaweni yesisombululo esipheleleyo sokuqinisekisa umgangatho. Kufuneka idityaniswe ne:
- UHlolo lweNqaku lokuQala (FAI) iingxelo zamacandelo amatsha
- Uphicotho lwefektri kwisiza (okanye uphicotho lomntu wesithathu ngeSGS, Bureau Veritas, TÜV, njl.)
- Iiprothokholi zokuhlola ezingenayo kwiziko lakho
- Cacisa imathiriyeli kunye neenkcukacha zobukhulu kwimizobo yakho
Kutheni le nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Castings kunye ne-Forgings kunezinye iinkqubo ezininzi
Ukuphosa kunye nokwenza kubandakanya iinkqubo eziguquguqukayo zendalo-iqondo lobushushu lokunyibilika, ukunyameka kweqokobhe, isantya sokugcwalisa ukufa, ubushushu bebillet, ixesha lokucinezela itoni. Ngokungafaniyo nomatshini we-CNC, apho umendo wesixhobo uzimisele ngokupheleleyo, inkqubo yokuphosa okanye yokubumba ifuna ukubeka iliso kwangexesha lokwenyani kunye nokulawula ukukhusela i-porosity, i-cold shuts, i-underfill, okanye iziphene zesakhiwo seenkozo ezinokuthi zingabonakali phezu komhlaba.
Imfuno ye-IATF16949 yoLawulo lweNkqubo yoBalo (i-SPC) kunye nezifundo zobuchule benkqubo (Cpk) ibaluleke kakhulu kulo mxholo. Inyanzela umzi-mveliso ukuba ulinganise, ubeke iliso, kwaye ubonise ngokwezibalo ukuba inkqubo yabo yokuphosa okanye yokukhwabanisa isebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yolawulo - kungekhona nje ukuhlola iindawo ezigqityiweyo kunye nethemba lokuhle.
Ukuzibophelela kwethu kwi-CNSANDCASTING
Umzi-mveliso wethu ubambe isatifikethi se-IATF16949 sotyalo-mali oludityanisiweyo lokuphosa, ukwenza, kunye nokusebenza komatshini we-CNC. Ithetha ukuba:
- Inxalenye nganye esiyivelisayo iphethe umkhondo opheleleyo wezinto ezibonakalayo ukuya kwizatifikethi zokusila.
- Ukuqaliswa kwenxalenye entsha kulandela inkqubo yethu ye-APQP/PPAP njengesiqhelo.
- Iiparamitha zenkqubo ebalulekileyo zibekwe esweni phantsi kwe-SPC ngexesha langempela.
- Ilabhoratri yethu yeCMM yenza i-100% yokuhlola i-dimensional kwi-First Article yokungeniswa.
- Siphendula nakuphi na ukungahambelani nomthengi kwiiyure ezingama-24 kunye nesiqulatho sethutyana, kwaye sivale iingxelo ze-8D ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30.
Siyalwamkela uphicotho lwabathengi kunye nophicotho lomntu wesithathu nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ukuqukumbela
IATF16949 ingaphezulu kwebheji kwincwadana. Kubathengi abafumana ukujula okuchanekileyo kunye ne-forgings evela e-China, imele ukuzinikela okunentsingiselo kulawulo lomgangatho olucwangcisiweyo-ulawulo lwenkqubo, ukulandeleka kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuqaliswa kwemveliso ecwangcisiweyo, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki eziqeqeshekileyo.
Isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokukhangela ebandakanya uphononongo lokuzoba, i-FAI, kunye nophicotho lwamaxesha ngamaxesha, yenye yezona proxies ezithembekileyo ezifumanekayo zokuchonga ababoneleli abanakho ukuxhasa amakhonkco okubonelela ngeemoto kunye neshishini.
Ukuba uvavanya ababoneleli kwaye ufuna ukuqonda umda wesatifikethi sethu, amandla oxwebhu, okanye inkqubo yePPAP ngokweenkcukacha - siyakuvuyela ukubonelela ngepakethi yolwazi olupheleleyo.
